The talks, mediated by Oman, come amid escalating rhetoric and military posturing from both sides. While the discussions are intended to revive diplomatic engagement, officials say deep disagreements remain over the scope of the negotiations. Washington has pushed for talks to include Iran’s ballistic missile programme and its regional activities, while Tehran insists discussions must focus solely on its nuclear programme.

Iranian officials say expanding the agenda would undermine trust and derail progress, while U.S. representatives argue that any lasting agreement must address broader security concerns. The dispute over the framework of the talks has raised doubts about whether negotiations can deliver a breakthrough.

The current round of diplomacy follows months of heightened tensions, including new U.S. sanctions, Iranian warnings to regional states, and concerns over nuclear escalation. Analysts warn that a collapse of the Oman talks could accelerate confrontation at a time when the region is already strained by conflicts in Gaza, Lebanon, and Yemen.

Despite the challenges, diplomats from both sides say engagement remains preferable to escalation, with Oman urging restraint and compromise. The outcome of the talks could shape the future of U.S.–Iran relations and regional stability in the months ahead.